Investigation is the careful study of a subject or an event. As defined by the Oxford English Dictionary, it is “the action of investigating; a search or inquiry; close research.” An investigation can be conducted by anyone at any level of society. It can take many forms, from searching for footprints at a crime scene to interviewing a witness about an allegation of wrongdoing. The goal is to find the truth. In any case, the final outcome — whether that’s a disciplinary action or policy change — must be justified by a well-written and thorough report.
A comprehensive report will address all the details of an incident or complaint. This section should describe the background of the issue, the scope of the investigation, and all evidence considered. The report should also explain how the investigator gathered and assessed information, and how that information supported or contradicted the conclusions reached.
In addition to explaining the facts of the case, a detailed report will provide clear and actionable recommendations. Whether that means recommending a new policy, additional training or disciplinary action, a clear roadmap for progress will help prevent similar incidents in the future.
While drafting an investigation report, the writer must remain objective throughout the process. Doing so strengthens legal defensibility, ensures accurate findings and promotes fairness, and paves the way for effective recommendations. It is especially important to maintain objectivity in cases where the results of an investigation may have a direct impact on people’s lives.